← Atlas catalogue · project 052

File of names · Lake Solina · damming of the San and the Solinka, 1968

Villages beneath Lake Solina

The name stays on the shore. The place it pointed to in the past need not be the one it points to today. Choose a name; click it again and it reveals the next meaning.

Card 1 of 4

Solina

The name endures, but today it points to a different place from the old centre of the village. Two names emerged from one former village.

Outline with hatching Schematic without geometry: a former settlement that, according to the source, ended up under water.

Former settlement

before 1968

  • A village on the valley floor

    former settlement · until 1968 · first mentioned 1426

    Solina existed long before the dam: the Municipal Revitalisation Programme gives its first mention as 1426 [3]. The centre of the settlement lay on the valley floor, where the San and the Solinka meet. The completion of the dam in 1968 impounded the waters of both rivers [1], and the former lands of the village, with its hamlets, ended up under the water of the reservoir.

    This does not show: where individual buildings stood. The outline in the diagram has no geometry.

1968 · shared context

Links: the name and the separation of Werlas [3].

Does not link: the position of the old centre with today's locality.

Two blue frames Schematic without geometry: the name's present-day referents — a larger locality and a smaller, separated village.

Present-day referent

after 1968 · today

  • Werlas — a former part of Solina

    separated village · since 1968

    Werlas, formerly part of Solina, was separated in 1968 after its area was flooded [3]. It is a separate locality, not a renaming of Solina. Two names thus emerged from one former village: Solina and Werlas.

    This does not show: that the residents of the flooded valley floor moved to Werlas. The file contains no such finding.

  • Solina today

    locality by the reservoir · today

    Municipal documents describe present-day Solina as a locality by the reservoir and a water-sports centre [3]. The name is also associated with the dam of 1968 [1].

    This does not show: that the old centre of the village stayed in the same place.

Card 2 of 4

Teleśnica Sanna

The former valley lands were covered by the reservoir, yet the name did not vanish from the official list. These are two truths at once, not a contradiction.

Partly hatched outline Schematic without geometry: according to the sources, part of the former lands ended up under water; the extent is not given.

Former settlement

before 1968 and in 1968

  • Valley lands of the village

    former lands · until 1968

    Teleśnica Sanna is a former valley village, listed in scholarly publications among the localities and hamlets whose former lands were covered by the reservoir [1] [2]. The file speaks of part of the former lands, not of the flooding of the whole unit.

    This does not show: the exact extent of flooding. The sources in the file do not give it.

  • The year 1968 does not close the name

    context of the impoundment · 1968

    The creation of Lake Solina flooded the valley floor. The file does not assume, however, that the date 1968 alone closed this name. Evidence that it endured comes only from an entry in the 2022 register [4].

    This does not show: what happened to the name between 1968 and 2022. The file does not describe that period.

1968 · shared context

Links: the name in the studies [1] [2] and in the register [4].

Does not link: the places. The register does not indicate a location. This is not Teleśnica Oszwarowa — the sources list the two names separately.

Blue ring Schematic without geometry: a unit with a register entry and no assigned location.

Present-day referent

as of 31 December 2022

  • Locality in the municipal register

    unit in the records · 31 December 2022

    The register of the Ustrzyki Dolne municipality gives Teleśnica Sanna four residents on 31 December 2022 [4]. This is dated evidence from the records: not today's population and not a location on a map.

    This does not show: the current state of the register. A newer entry was not checked.

Card 3 of 4

Chrewt

Today the name denotes a place by the water, not only the former settlement. The village that was flooded had not been lived in again since 1951.

Outline with hatching Schematic without geometry: an abandoned former settlement, flooded in 1968 according to a study by the University of Rzeszów.

Former settlement

before 1968

  • A village under Wallachian law

    former settlement · date of foundation: not in the file

    A study by the University of Rzeszów [2] describes the founding of Chrewt under Wallachian law by the Kmita family and counts it among the oldest settlements in this part of the Bieszczady.

    This does not show: any date. The file gives no date of foundation, so we do not place it on a timeline.

  • An abandoned village before the lake

    turning point 1951 · from 1951 to 1968

    After this area returned to Poland in 1951, the village was not resettled [2]. In 1968, when the reservoir was impounded, an abandoned settlement was therefore flooded.

    This does not show: an eviction of residents shortly before the reservoir was filled. The file contains no such finding.

1968 · shared context

Links: the name alone.

Does not link: houses, or any resettlement route. The file contains no evidence for this.

Shore with small frames Schematic without geometry: a shoreline and three small structures by the water — marinas or resorts.

Present-day referent

today

  • Marinas on the Zatoka Czarnego bay

    recreational place name · today

    Today's marinas, cabins and resorts on the Zatoka Czarnego bay bear the name Chrewt. The name therefore also points to a present-day place by the water, not solely to the former settlement [1] [2].

    This does not show: that the marinas stand where the houses stood. To be checked: V2 gives no source page for this one sentence.

Card 4 of 4

Podleszczyny

Only the name on a list is confirmed. The rest is a gap — and we show it as such: no outline, no line, no date.

Dotted outline with a question mark No data on the boundaries of the former settlement. The outline is not drawn because there is no basis for it.

Former settlement

no data

  • A name on a list

    mentioned in studies · 1968 only in general terms

    Podleszczyny appears on the list of localities and hamlets covered by the reservoir in publications available from EUROREG (University of Warsaw) and the University of Rzeszów [1] [2]. In general terms: it was covered by the impoundment of Lake Solina in 1968. That is where the file stops.

    This does not show: whether the whole or only a part was flooded. The mere presence of a name on such a list does not settle the extent of flooding.

  • Boundaries of the former settlement

    no data · no date

    The available sources contain no data on location, boundaries or the detailed extent of flooding. This is a gap in knowledge, not zero: we do not know how much ended up under water, so we do not draw an outline.

    No guesswork: we assign this name no ruins, coordinates, recollections or access point to the water.

1968 · shared context

Links: nothing beyond the name on a list.

Does not link: anything. There is no data on either side — instead of a line, there is a void.

Dotted outline with a question mark No data on the present-day status of the name. The referent is not drawn.

Present-day referent

no data

  • Present-day status of the name

    no data · today

    No data on the present-day status. The available materials are not enough to assign any visible bay to the former buildings.

    Remember: a lack of information is not information about a lack. We do not know whether such a referent exists.

How to read this drawing

  • Hatched outline. A former settlement that, according to the source, ended up under water. It is a symbol, not a plan: all outlines have the same rectangular shape, so they say nothing about position, size or boundaries.
  • Partly hatched outline. Part of the former lands was flooded; the extent is not given.
  • Dotted outline with a question mark. No data. This is not zero and not a point on a timeline — which is why this file has no timeline.
  • Blue frame. The present-day referent of the name: a locality (larger) or a separated village (smaller). Blue denotes only what applies today.
  • Blue ring. A register entry: a unit with no assigned location.
  • Shore with small frames. Marinas and resorts by the water, without indicating which ones or where.
  • Line from the “name”. Solid: V2 gives a source reference for this link (to be re-checked). Dashed: the link is only general and needs checking. No line: no data.

A name is not an outline

A name can be found in a register, in a list in a publication or on a sign. The outline of former buildings is a separate matter, which the file does not know. That is why the name is always text, and the places are symbols without geometry, separated by an empty gap. They are linked only by what follows from the source.

1968 is context, not an ending

The damming of the San and the Solinka is a shared date, but not a shared fate. In Solina, Werlas was separated; Chrewt had not been resettled since 1951; Teleśnica Sanna has a register entry from 2022; and of Podleszczyny we know only that it appears on a list. That is why the era is not a “before / after” switch here: both addresses are visible at once.

What is not here

There is no map, no resettlement arrow and no animated valley. Nor do we point to underwater traces or routes. The diagrams are the author's illustration of relationships, not verified geometry.

Four statements worth checking

Shortcuts in the style of guidebooks, worded for the purposes of this file — not quotations from specific guidebooks. The assessment rests on references carried over from V2, not on a new archive query.

  1. “All four localities were completely flooded and vanished from the map.”

    GeneralisationThe fates differ: Werlas was separated from Solina [3], Teleśnica Sanna has a register entry from 2022 [4], the name Chrewt lives on by the Zatoka Czarnego bay, and there is no data on Podleszczyny. Maps were not checked for this file.

  2. “Teleśnica Sanna ceased to exist; it is simply Teleśnica Oszwarowa.”

    Confused namesThe sources list the two names separately [1] [2], and the register knows Teleśnica Sanna [4].

  3. “Chrewt was a thriving village whose people were evicted shortly before the reservoir was filled in 1968.”

    Turning pointAccording to the University of Rzeszów study [2] the village was not resettled after 1951. In 1968 an abandoned settlement was flooded. The page needs to be checked again before citing.

  4. “In Podleszczyny, at low water, the ruins of a church can be seen.”

    No basisThe file has no data on boundaries or on any traces of this name. Nor does it indicate where to look for anything by the water. Observations may be made only from legally accessible roads and viewpoints.

Sources, limits and changes relative to V2

  1. Wczoraj, dziś i jutro turystyki aktywnej i specjalistycznej (2016) [Yesterday, today and tomorrow in active and specialist tourism], p. 164: four names, creation of the reservoir, the dam.
  2. Marta Kisała-Bednarz, Pamięć przeszłości a tożsamość narracyjna… (UR, 2023) [Memory of the past and narrative identity…], p. 133: Chrewt and the varying extent of flooding.
  3. Gminny Program Rewitalizacji Gminy Solina [Municipal Revitalisation Programme of the Solina Municipality], p. 37: mention of Solina and the separation of Werlas.
  4. Urząd Miejski w Ustrzykach Dolnych — O gminie [Ustrzyki Dolne Town Hall — About the municipality]: register of residents, as of 31 December 2022 (4 residents as evidence from the records).

What needs checking

  • References [1]–[4] and the page descriptions were carried over from V2. They were not reopened when V3 was built, so they are not treated here as verified.
  • The sentence about marinas and resorts on the Zatoka Czarnego bay (Chrewt): V2 points to sources 1 and 2 without a page for this sentence.
  • Date of Chrewt's foundation, extent of flooding of Teleśnica Sanna and Podleszczyny, and the present-day status of Podleszczyny: absent from the material.
  • The figure of 4 residents is the state on 31 December 2022. A newer register was not checked.
  • The aerial photograph of the lake, which V2 embedded from an external address, is here only a link: file page on Wikimedia Commons (according to V2: Jendrusk, CC BY-SA 4.0; to be checked). It does not locate the former buildings.
  • This page organises names; it does not mark underwater traces or diving routes. Make observations from legal roads and viewpoints, respecting protected zones and private land.

What changed relative to V2

Phase slider “before / 1968 / today”
Removed. A single diagram of the valley suggested a shared fate for the four names. Replaced with a view of both addresses at once.
Matrix with filters
Removed. Its content moved into the two addresses under each name and into the “Links / Does not link” lines.
Claim auditor (form, verdicts)
Moved to a second layer: the four statements above, without the form. The earlier “quotations” were the file's own wordings, not literal quotations from sources, so they are no longer labelled as such.
Notebook in the browser
Removed. The page saves nothing locally.
Kept
The content of the file, source references [1]–[4], the distinction between Teleśnica Sanna and Teleśnica Oszwarowa, the caveat about the 2022 register, the ban on guesswork about Podleszczyny.