← Atlas catalogue

Three apple varieties · a study by the Institute of Horticulture

One apple does not describe an orchard.

Oliwka Żółta, Kosztela and Antonówka Zwykła stand on a single line. The fruit drawings are identical, because we have no photographs or measurements of these varieties; the only thing that tells them apart is what the study provides.

Arrange the varieties by

Ripening according to the study: Oliwka Żółta belongs to the summer group, Kosztela and Antonówka Zwykła to the autumn group. This is a pomological group, not a harvest date.

Without JavaScript you see all the traits at once, in the tables under the drawings.

Plate of three varieties

Fruit diagram for the variety Oliwka Żółta General outline of a fruit: the left half is the skin, the right half is a cross-section showing the seed cavity. The same drawing for all varieties, with no colour or size. Under the fruit, a dashed blue line marks the unmeasured diameter.

Oliwka Żółta

Ripening
Summer (summer group)
Use
Summer variety
Taste
not in the study
Fruit D × H
not measured
Tree
depends on the rootstock, no data
Fruit diagram for the variety Kosztela General outline of a fruit: the left half is the skin, the right half is a cross-section showing the seed cavity. The same drawing for all varieties, with no colour or size. Under the fruit, a dashed blue line marks the unmeasured diameter.

Kosztela

Ripening
Autumn (autumn group)
Use
Old home orchards (past popularity described)
Taste
not in the study
Fruit D × H
not measured
Tree
depends on the rootstock, no data
Fruit diagram for the variety Antonówka Zwykła General outline of a fruit: the left half is the skin, the right half is a cross-section showing the seed cavity. The same drawing for all varieties, with no colour or size. Under the fruit, a dashed blue line marks the unmeasured diameter.

Antonówka Zwykła

Ripening
Autumn (autumn group)
Use
Preserves (given in the study as an example of a processing variety)
Taste
not in the study
Fruit D × H
not measured
Tree
depends on the rootstock, no data

A diagram, not a photograph: the left half of the outline is the skin, the right half is a cross-section. The drawing is identical for the three varieties and carries no information about colour or size. The dashed blue line marks a dimension that was not measured. None of these traits on its own identifies the variety of a fruit. Limits and gaps · Sources

Your fruit: a short list for a pomologist

If you have a real fruit in front of you, measure it with callipers or a ruler. The page will draw its proportions and put the data into a card of the kind a pomologist will ask for. It will not identify the variety: we have no dimensions for the three varieties on the plate, so there is nothing to compare with.

This part requires JavaScript. A pomologist usually needs: the location or a working name of the tree, an approximate ripening or fruit-drop time, the greatest diameter D and the height H in millimetres (H divided by D gives the shape index), whether the fruit was cut lengthwise along its axis, and several fruits from the same tree.

Transverse width of the fruit
From the stalk to the calyx
No measurement Enter D and H in millimetres. No measurement does not mean zero.
Fruit proportions from the entered dimensions D and H An ellipse of width D and height H with blue measurement lines and a dashed circle of diameter D, that is, a sphere of the same width. The drawing shows proportion, not size. The result is also described in the text by the D and H fields.
Proportion, not size: the drawing is scaled to the larger of the two dimensions. The blue lines are the measured D and H. The dashed circle is a sphere of the same diameter D. The division into “flattened”, “spherical” and “elongated” is an adopted working scale, not a pomological definition.
No personal data or exact address.
Approximate groups from the previous version of the page, to be checked by a pomologist.

Card to copy


      

        
        
        
      

      
Nothing is saved in the browser or sent anywhere. The card disappears when the page is refreshed. The “Clear the form” button clears only the fields on this page.

    

  






  
What this plate does not know

  
The study gives the season and the use. The rest are gaps, shown on the plate as hatched fields, not as zeros.

  

    

      
Missing from the material

      
    
        
  • Photographs of three confirmed varieties with a scale, in constant light, and cross-sections of the same fruits. That is why the fruit drawings are identical.
    • 
        
  • The D and H dimensions of these varieties. Without them there is no common scale or comparison of shape.
    • 
        
  • A description of taste. Taste memory is individual, so we do not publish a ranking of sweetness.
    • 
        
  • Rootstocks. The height of a tree depends on the rootstock, not only on the variety, and is not shown here by any number.
    • 
      

    

    

      
A pomologist must confirm

      
    
        
  • The variety of a particular fruit. A single colour, a single H/D index or this page will not settle it.
    • 
        
  • Whether a given fruit is representative of the tree in this season.
    • 
        
  • Whether the ripening group from the study fits the tree. A group is not a forecast of the harvest day.
    • 
        
  • An old variety does not automatically mean resistance to disease.
    • 
      

    

    

      
What was removed from the previous version

      
    
        
  • Sliders for tree heights of 2–8 m and a human silhouette. The heights were assumptions without rootstock data. Dropped; the question of rootstock remains as a gap.
    • 
        
  • Saving in the browser, a counter of 7 fields, a tasting note and a printable protocol generator. They were replaced by a short live card, with no saving.
    • 
        
  • The choice of two specimens, A and B. It was replaced by arranging all three varieties at once.
    • 
        
  • A photograph of a Jonagored apple tree from the internet, because it showed a different variety. A link remains in the sources.
    •